Hemmed in between the Khilafat and Partition, the Majlis-i-Ahrar-i-Islam (MAI) was a socio-political movement which started in the 1920s in India under the British control. It was the brainchild of some middle class, urban Muslim professionals, who espoused a complete independence for India and sought the empowerment of underprivileged groups both in the princely states and British India. This book is an investigation of MAI's journey through several inter-related domains including political Islam, South Asian Muslim identity politics and the transformation of Punjab from a bastion of the Raj to a sword arm for Pakistan movement.